Conjunctiva Histology in Long-standing Esotropia
Miguel Paciuc-Beja *
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, USA
Victor Hugo Galicia-Alfaro
Department of Ophthalmology, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
Myriam Retchkiman-Bret
Department of Ophthalmology, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
Ryan Phan
School of Medicine, University of Colorado, USA
Hugo Quiroz-Mercado
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, USA
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Conjunctiva can be restrictive in long-standing strabismus. To date, there are no reports in the literature describing the histology of the conjunctiva in these patients.
Methods: Conjunctiva biopsies over the medial and lateral rectus were taken at the time of strabismus surgery in 3 patients with restrictive large angle long-standing esotropia.
Results: The conjunctiva overlying the medial rectus has a much more condensed, organized lamina propria compared to the conjunctiva of the contralateral lateral rectus. The medial conjunctiva has scattered small-diameter vessels and numerous clusters of plasmatic cells. The lateral conjunctiva has large blood vessels with occasional scattered plasmatic cells and the lamina propria present a lax structure.
Conclusions: These new findings reinforce the clinical understanding that conjunctiva can become more restrictive over the medial rectus in long-standing esotropia.
Keywords: Strabismus, esotropia, conjunctiva, histology