Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal

Aims: To compare the anterior chamber angle values recorded by Pentacam and AS-OCT SD “Spectralis” (Heidelberg Engineering) and present the correlation between the two devices.

Sample and Study Design: A total of 50 patients were examined at the Private Ophthalmology Clinic O.M.M.A. Ophthalmological Institute. All participants volunteer to participate in this study where the data was kept anonymous. Patients aged 18-45 years without a pathological history were selected. All of them were emmetropes or with ametropia ranged ±0.75 D. There was no separation between hyperopic, myopic or emmetropic patients.

Place and Duration of Study: University of West Attica Dept Biomedical Science Course Optics & Optometry in collaboration with Private Ophthalmology Clinic O.M.M.A. during the period between January 2019 to October 2019.

Methodology: In this study, two basic structures of the eye are measured with the help of two devices of different principle of operation. Specifically, the study of the angle of the anterior chamber (ACA) as well as the depth of the chamber (ACD). The two devises are compared.

Results: The ACA for both devices had mean difference of -2,004° for the R.E. while the mean difference for L.E. was 1,986°. Pentacam arithmetic mean ACA (R.E.) was 37,638 ± 2,98° and AS-OCT “Spectralis” 35,766 ± 2,90° with Correlation coefficient 0,7063 (P<0,0001). Pentacam arithmetic mean ACA (L.E.) was 37,638 ± 2,98° and AS-OCT “Spectralis” 35,652 ± 2,79° with Correlation coefficient 0,7569 (P<0,0001). The ACD for both devices had mean difference of -0,3028 for the R.E. while the mean difference for L.E. was -0,2860. Pentacam arithmetic mean ACD (R.E.) was 3,5866 ± 0,20 and AS-OCT “Spectralis” 3,2838 ± 0,20 with Correlation coefficient 0,4201 (P=0,0024). Pentacam arithmetic mean ACD (L.E.) was 3,558 ± 0,21 and AS-OCT “Spectralis” 3,2720 ± 0,20 with Correlation coefficient 0,4023 (P=0,0038).

Conclusion: Values of ACA measured by Pentacam and AS-OCT “Spectralis” were similar within the sample population of normal eyes right and left (P<0,0001). ACD measured by Pentacam and AS-OCT “Spectralis” showed also similar results the sample population of normal eyes for the right eye (P=0,0024) and left (P=0,0038).

Aim: To compare the recurrence rate of conjunctival rhinosporidiosis mass excision, with and without cauterization of base.

Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, CIMS, Bilaspur (C.G), India. (Feb 2018-Dec 2019)

Methodology: Twenty patients (5-25years) who presented with conjunctival mass clinically diagnosed as ocular rhinosporidiosis were included in this study. Patients were recruited from OPD ophthalmology CIMS, Bilaspur (C.G). Patients were divided on alternate basis into two groups.  Each group had 10 patients. Group1 included excisions with cauterization of base with wet field cautery and group 2 included excisions without cautery. All the procedures and post-operative evaluation were done by the same surgeon. These two groups were compared for recurrence of mass at the same site and other sites. Post-operative evaluation was done at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months.

Results: Patients’ age ranged between 5-15 years were more in both groups. There were more males than females and majority of them lived in rural areas where pond water was the only accessible portable water. Lower lid palpebral conjunctiva was more involved. The mean duration of lesion was similar in both groups. All the patients were examined at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post-operatively, to check for recurrence at the same site by the same surgeon. The ear, nose and throat was examined by an otolaryngologist. No recurrence was found after 6 months of the procedure at ocular and extra-ocular sites.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that in cases of rhinosporidiosis mass of palpebral conjunctiva, total excision of mass without cauterization of base is as effective as with cauterization of base.

Aims: The purpose of our research is to evaluate corneal thickness, pre-operative and post-operatively after FemtoLasik surgery, using “Pentacam® AXL” and Ultrasound device. To evaluate the correlation of the two devices and their interchangeability.

Sample and Study Design: Our data includes 70 eyes of patients, age 19- 59 years, who undergone Lasik surgery for myopia. The data concerned pre-operative and post-operative central corneal pachymetry using Ultrasound pachymeter (Tomey SP-100) and “Pentacam® AXL”.

Methodology - Place and Duration of Study: University of West Attica Dept Biomedical Science Course Optics & Optometry in collaboration with Private Ophthalmology Clinic “Athens Opthalologiko” during the period between May 2018 until September 2018. In this study, a comparison of data taken with Pentacam and Ultrasound was performed concerning central corneal thickness before and after FemtoLasik to evaluate the correlation of these devices. All the FemtoLasik surgeries were performed by the same experienced surgeon in order to ensure good repeatability of surgical procedures and all the patients selected had healthy eyes with no other ophthalmic pathology or systemic disease and myopia ranging from -1.00 to 9.25 Diopters. All patients were measured one month after FemtoLasik having achieved 6/6 visual acuity.

Results: Central corneal thickness before FemtoLasik measured by ultrasound device had an arithmetic mean value of 552.43 μm ± SD 26.95. The thickness preoperatively with “Pentacam” had an arithmetic mean value of 556.26 μm ± SD 27.82. The corneal thickness after Lasik measured by ultrasound device had an arithmetic mean value of 493.21μm ± SD 36.30, while for “Pentacam” the arithmetic mean value was 499.07μm ± SD 36.17. The two devices correlate strongly (0.9218 and 0.9986 respectively with significant level P<0,0001)

Conclusion: Our conclusions after statistical analysis are that Ultrasound pachymetry and “Pentacam” topography correlated strong.

Background: Astigmatism is an error of refraction that can affect visual outcome after cataract surgery. The degree of astigmatism is usually estimated pre-operatively by keratometry readings. These readings can help in the plan of surgical technique and choice of intraocular lenses during cataract surgery in order to improve visual outcome. This study was done to provide data on the pattern of preoperative astigmatism in cataract patients in South East Nigeria. It is hoped that this knowledge will increase the awareness on pre-operative astigmatism among ophthalmologist so that they can improve their surgical skills on ways of reducing this astigmatism or avoid worsening it.

Methods: A retrospective review of keratometry readings of 533 patients were taken from June 2018 to December 2019, with emphasis on the cylinders.

Results: The most common degree of astigmatism was -0.75DC. The proportion of patients with preoperative astigmatism ≤ -1.00DC was 60% while 40% had values higher than -1.00DC.

Conclusion: There may usually be significant pre-operative astigmatism in patients scheduled for cataract surgery. This calls for an improvement in surgical skills in minimizing astigmatism and avoiding worsening preoperative astigmatism. There should be increase availability and use of toric lenses for correction of preoperative astigmatism. Finally accurate postoperative refraction will have a positive impact in the management of astigmatism, whether preoperative or surgically induced.

Introduction: Accommodative and vergence dysfunctions are the most common vision disorders in the pediatric population with a prevalence of up to 30%, and patients with these dysfunctions usually have symptoms at near distances that could affect academic results. This study is the retrospective assessment of accommodative excess cases and aims to find a pattern in optometric exams to help diagnose accommodative excess without cycloplegic drugs. Furthermore, this study assesses the utility of a vision therapy protocol as accommodative excess treatment.

Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted with 24 patients who were diagnosed with accommodative excess and completed all sessions of the vision therapy protocol. The vision therapy protocol was organized into 8-12 sessions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0. Wilcoxon nonparametric paired tests were used to compare the clinical values between visits.

Results: In total, 24 patients with accommodative excess were included in the retrospective study. The pairwise comparisons of sphere values obtained with the different refraction methods without cycloplegic drugs found statistically significant differences (P< 0.01). Statistically significant differences (P< 0.01) were shown in the sphere values obtained from subjective refraction, visual acuity tests, near point of convergence and stereopsis between the diagnosis visit and the post-vision therapy protocol visit, with better values post-therapy.

Conclusion: Variations in the sphere values could be clues for accommodative excess if a double condition is given, the retinoscopy results are more positive than the subjective refraction findings (>0.60D) and are more positive than the values obtained with an auto refractor (>1.75D).